{"id":2591,"date":"2020-08-27T11:37:57","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T11:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dippe.lu\/gross-and-fine-motor-skills\/"},"modified":"2021-10-01T11:30:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T11:30:21","slug":"gross-and-fine-motor-skills","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dippe.lu\/sk\/teaching-modules\/gross-and-fine-motor-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"Gross and Fine Motor Skills"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row el_class=”margin-bottom-zero”][vc_column][vc_single_image image=”1971″ alignment=”center” el_id=”module-definition-icon”][vc_custom_heading text=”Definition<\/b>” font_container=”tag:div|text_align:center|color:%23333333″ use_theme_fonts=”yes” el_class=”head-title”][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_separator el_class=”lin-vc-separator”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1605264959256{background-color: #b49ac0 !important;}” el_id=”module-definition-color-box”][vc_column_text]\n

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Pohybov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm prvkom celkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja die\u0165a\u0165a a zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facu fyzick\u00e9, psychosoci\u00e1lne a du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie. Pohybov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti mo\u017eno v\u0161eobecne rozdeli\u0165 do dvoch hlavn\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: hrub\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti a jemn\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti.<\/em><\/h4>\n


\n<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/h4>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]Jemn\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti<\/em><\/strong><\/a> s\u00fa zru\u010dnosti, pri ktor\u00fdch je presnos\u0165 pohybu prim\u00e1rnym predpokladom \u00faspechu vo v\u00fdkone. Jemn\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti sa zvy\u010dajne dosahuj\u00fa zapojen\u00edm mal\u00fdch svalov\u00fdch skup\u00edn, napr\u00edklad prstov, r\u00fak alebo predlaktia, a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pre koordin\u00e1ciu ruka-oko. Medzi ne patr\u00ed p\u00edsanie rukou, \u0161itie, zap\u00ednanie gomb\u00edkov, viazanie \u0161n\u00farok at\u010f.(Edwards, 2010Motorick\u00e9 u\u010denie a riadenie: Od te\u00f3rie k praxi.<\/span> CA: Wadsforth Cengage Learning Inc<\/span><\/span> .<\/span><\/span>).<\/p>\n

 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Pohybov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti sa musia u\u010di\u0165 a precvi\u010dova\u0165, aby dosiahli \u00farove\u0148 ovl\u00e1dnutia, zn\u00e1meho ako pohybov\u00e1 zdatnos\u0165 (Wrotniak et al., 2006Vz\u0165ah medzi motorickou zdatnos\u0165ou a fyzickou aktivitou u det\u00ed<\/span><\/span> . Pediatrics.<\/a><\/span><\/span>). Existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 podmienky, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa rozvoj pohybov\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, av\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vplyv m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 aj sedav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl a fyzick\u00e1 ne\u010dinnos\u0165[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”T\u0160V <\/b> Scen\u00e1re\/Situ\u00e1cie” font_container=”tag:div|text_align:center|color:%23333333″ use_theme_fonts=”yes” el_class=”head-title”][vc_empty_space height=”15px”][vc_separator el_class=”lin-vc-separator”]\n\t\t\t

<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Gross\nHrub\u00e1 motorika (1)<\/b>\n

Michael, 9 rokov, nie je schopn\u00fd hodi\u0165 loptu do ter\u010da. Po\u010das hod\u00edn T\u0160V je ve\u013emi smutn\u00fd a sklaman\u00fd; sna\u017e\u00ed sa, ale nane\u0161\u0165astie nie je \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd. U\u010dite\u013e ho povzbudzuje, aby sa opakovane pok\u00fa\u0161al o \u00falohu, ale nepom\u00e1ha to.<\/p> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer>\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Gross\nHrub\u00e1 motorika (2)<\/b>\n\n

Simone, vo veku 7 rokov, v\u017edy rada behala. Ke\u010f v\u0161ak chod\u00ed na hodiny T\u0160V, nie je dos\u0165 r\u00fdchla. Niekedy pad\u00e1 po\u010das n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch cvi\u010den\u00ed; jej koordin\u00e1cia nie je ve\u013emi dobr\u00e1. Pomaly str\u00e1ca motiv\u00e1ciu na beh, hoci to bola jedna z jej ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt<\/p> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer>\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Gross\nHrub\u00e1 motorika (3)<\/b>\n\n

Robert, 7 ro\u010dn\u00fd, nie je schopn\u00fd viaza\u0165 \u0161n\u00farky na svojich tenisk\u00e1cj. Hnev\u00e1 sa, ke\u010f nie je schopn\u00fd zaviaza\u0165 si \u0161n\u00farky na top\u00e1nky sk\u00f4r, ako vyjde von alebo pred hodinou T\u0160V. Sna\u017eil sa to mnohokr\u00e1t vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165, ale je plach\u00fd, ke\u010f \u017eiada u\u010dite\u013eov o pomoc.<\/p> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer>Read more
\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer>\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Fine\nDobr\u00e9 motorov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti <\/b>\n\n

Sam, vo veku 10 rokov, sa c\u00edti nepr\u00edjemne pri hran\u00ed loptov\u00fdch hier. Jeho zru\u010dnosti chytania nie s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 dobr\u00e9 a lopta pad\u00e1 na zem takmer zaka\u017ed\u00fdm, ke\u010f sa ju sna\u017e\u00ed chyti\u0165. R\u00e1d by t\u00edmu pom\u00e1hal po\u010das hier, ale nevie ako. Pok\u00fasil sa chyti\u0165 loptu jednou rukou alebo oboma rukami, ale ani jedna z t\u00fdchto techn\u00edk nebola \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1. Jeho spoluhr\u00e1\u010di v t\u00edme ho povzbudzuj\u00fa, ale c\u00edti, \u017ee je najslab\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkom.<\/p> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer>\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slides>\n\t\t\t\t<\/rs-module>\n\t\t\t\t

 [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Hrub\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti <\/em><\/strong><\/a>s\u00fa zru\u010dnosti, pri ktor\u00fdch je vyu\u017eitie svalovej sily prim\u00e1rnym predpokladom \u00faspechu vo v\u00fdkone. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 motorick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ako je ch\u00f4dza, beh, sk\u00e1kanie, h\u00e1dzanie, vyrovn\u00e1vanie alebo \u0161plhanie, zvy\u010dajne zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa ve\u013ea svalov\u00fdch skup\u00edn a \u010dasto pohyb cel\u00e9ho tela (Edwards, 2010).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Rozvoj a v\u00fdkon motorick\u00fdch<\/a> zru\u010dnost\u00ed s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9 interakciou troch zlo\u017eiek: osoby, \u00falohy a prostredia(Renshaw & Chow, 2018Pr\u00edstup k pedagogike \u0161portu a telesnej v\u00fdchovy zalo\u017een\u00fd na obmedzeniach<\/span><\/span> . Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy.<\/a><\/span><\/span>).<\/p>\n